What Types of Foot Arches Exist?

The human foot contains three main arches. These arches work closely together to ensure proper functioning, stability, and flexibility of the foot, especially during walking and running. Let's take a look at the main arches:

1. **Medial Longitudinal Arch**:

This arch runs along the inner side of the foot, extending from the heel to the metatarsal bone beneath the big toe. It is the highest and most prominent arch. The primary role of the medial arch is to provide flexibility and shock absorption for the foot. As the foot makes contact with the ground during walking or running, this arch compresses and stores energy, then returns to its original shape during push-off, aiding in forward movement. The medial longitudinal arch is crucial for maintaining proper posture and balance. It helps reduce the forces exerted on the foot, especially between the heel and the forefoot.

2. **Lateral Longitudinal Arch**:

This arch runs along the outer side of the foot, extending from the heel to the metatarsal bone beneath the little toe. Although less curved than the medial arch, it plays an important role in stability, weight distribution, and shock absorption. When the medial longitudinal arch collapses (as in flat feet), the lateral arch often compensates, which can lead to overloading of the outer foot and result in pain and discomfort.

3. **Transverse Arch**:

This arch runs across the foot beneath the metatarsal bones. Its main function is to distribute weight across different parts of the foot, particularly when the body’s weight shifts onto the soles during walking and running. The transverse arch is maintained by the connection between the metatarsal bones, ligaments, and muscles. If this arch flattens or collapses (as seen in flat feet), it can lead to shifts in pressure points and various foot problems, such as hammer toe or bunions.